Fundamental domain of a group action #
A set s is said to be a fundamental domain of an action of a group G on a measurable space α
with respect to a measure μ if
sis a measurable set;the sets
g • sover allg : Gcover almost all points of the whole space;the sets
g • s, are pairwise a.e. disjoint, i.e.,μ (g₁ • s ∩ g₂ • s) = 0wheneverg₁ ≠ g₂; we require this forg₂ = 1in the definition, then deduce it for any twog₁ ≠ g₂.
In this file we prove that in case of a countable group G and a measure preserving action, any two
fundamental domains have the same measure, and for a G-invariant function, its integrals over any
two fundamental domains are equal to each other.
We also generate additive versions of all theorems in this file using the to_additive attribute.
We define the
HasFundamentalDomaintypeclass, in particular to be able to define thecovolumeof a quotient ofαby a groupG, which under reasonable conditions does not depend on the choice of fundamental domain.We define the
QuotientMeasureEqMeasurePreimagetypeclass to describe a situation in which a measureμonα ⧸ Gcan be computed by taking a measureνonαof the intersection of the pullback with a fundamental domain.
Main declarations #
MeasureTheory.IsFundamentalDomain: Predicate for a set to be a fundamental domain of the action of a groupMeasureTheory.fundamentalFrontier: Fundamental frontier of a set under the action of a group. Elements ofsthat belong to some other translate ofs.MeasureTheory.fundamentalInterior: Fundamental interior of a set under the action of a group. Elements ofsthat do not belong to any other translate ofs.
A measurable set s is a fundamental domain for an additive action of an additive group G
on a measurable space α with respect to a measure α if the sets g +ᵥ s, g : G, are pairwise
a.e. disjoint and cover the whole space.
- nullMeasurableSet : MeasureTheory.NullMeasurableSet s μ
- aedisjoint : Pairwise (MeasureTheory.AEDisjoint μ on fun (g : G) => g +ᵥ s)
Instances For
A measurable set s is a fundamental domain for an action of a group G on a measurable
space α with respect to a measure α if the sets g • s, g : G, are pairwise a.e. disjoint and
cover the whole space.
- nullMeasurableSet : MeasureTheory.NullMeasurableSet s μ
- aedisjoint : Pairwise (MeasureTheory.AEDisjoint μ on fun (g : G) => g • s)
Instances For
If for each x : α, exactly one of g +ᵥ x, g : G, belongs to a measurable set
s, then s is a fundamental domain for the additive action of G on α.
If for each x : α, exactly one of g • x, g : G, belongs to a measurable set s, then s
is a fundamental domain for the action of G on α.
For s to be a fundamental domain, it's enough to check
MeasureTheory.AEDisjoint (g +ᵥ s) s for g ≠ 0.
For s to be a fundamental domain, it's enough to check
MeasureTheory.AEDisjoint (g • s) s for g ≠ 1.
If a measurable space has a finite measure μ and a countable additive group G acts
quasi-measure-preservingly, then to show that a set s is a fundamental domain, it is sufficient
to check that its translates g +ᵥ s are (almost) disjoint and that the sum ∑' g, μ (g +ᵥ s) is
sufficiently large.
If a measurable space has a finite measure μ and a countable group G acts
quasi-measure-preservingly, then to show that a set s is a fundamental domain, it is sufficient
to check that its translates g • s are (almost) disjoint and that the sum ∑' g, μ (g • s) is
sufficiently large.
Alias of MeasureTheory.IsFundamentalDomain.setLIntegral_eq_tsum.
Alias of MeasureTheory.IsFundamentalDomain.setLIntegral_eq_tsum'.
Given a measure space with an action of a
finite additive group G, the measure of any G-invariant set is determined by the measure of
its intersection with a fundamental domain for the action of G.
Given a measure space with an action of a finite group G, the measure of any G-invariant set
is determined by the measure of its intersection with a fundamental domain for the action of G.
If s and t are two fundamental domains of the same action, then their measures
are equal.
If s and t are two fundamental domains of the same action, then their measures are equal.
Alias of MeasureTheory.IsFundamentalDomain.setIntegral_eq_tsum.
Alias of MeasureTheory.IsFundamentalDomain.setIntegral_eq_tsum'.
If the additive action of a countable group G admits an invariant measure μ with
a fundamental domain s, then every null-measurable set t such that the sets g +ᵥ t ∩ s are
pairwise a.e.-disjoint has measure at most μ s.
If the action of a countable group G admits an invariant measure μ with a fundamental domain
s, then every null-measurable set t such that the sets g • t ∩ s are pairwise a.e.-disjoint
has measure at most μ s.
If the additive action of a countable group G admits an invariant measure μ with
a fundamental domain s, then every null-measurable set t of measure strictly greater than
μ s contains two points x y such that g +ᵥ x = y for some g ≠ 0.
If the action of a countable group G admits an invariant measure μ with a fundamental domain
s, then every null-measurable set t of measure strictly greater than μ s contains two
points x y such that g • x = y for some g ≠ 1.
If f is invariant under the action of a countable additive group G, and μ is a
G-invariant measure with a fundamental domain s, then the essSup of f restricted to s
is the same as that of f on all of its domain.
If f is invariant under the action of a countable group G, and μ is a G-invariant
measure with a fundamental domain s, then the essSup of f restricted to s is the same as
that of f on all of its domain.
Interior/frontier of a fundamental domain #
The boundary of a fundamental domain, those points of the domain that also lie in a nontrivial translate.
Equations
- MeasureTheory.addFundamentalFrontier G s = s ∩ ⋃ (g : G), ⋃ (_ : g ≠ 0), g +ᵥ s
Instances For
The boundary of a fundamental domain, those points of the domain that also lie in a nontrivial translate.
Equations
- MeasureTheory.fundamentalFrontier G s = s ∩ ⋃ (g : G), ⋃ (_ : g ≠ 1), g • s
Instances For
The interior of a fundamental domain, those points of the domain not lying in any translate.
Equations
- MeasureTheory.addFundamentalInterior G s = s \ ⋃ (g : G), ⋃ (_ : g ≠ 0), g +ᵥ s
Instances For
The interior of a fundamental domain, those points of the domain not lying in any translate.
Equations
- MeasureTheory.fundamentalInterior G s = s \ ⋃ (g : G), ⋃ (_ : g ≠ 1), g • s
Instances For
HasFundamentalDomain typeclass #
We define HasFundamentalDomain in order to be able to define the covolume of a quotient of α
by a group G, which under reasonable conditions does not depend on the choice of fundamental
domain. Even though any "sensible" action should have a fundamental domain, this is a rather
delicate question which was recently addressed by Misha Kapovich: https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.05325
TODO: Formalize the existence of a Dirichlet domain as in Kapovich's paper.
We say a quotient of α by G HasAddFundamentalDomain if there is a measurable set
s for which IsAddFundamentalDomain G s holds.
- ExistsIsAddFundamentalDomain : ∃ (s : Set α), MeasureTheory.IsAddFundamentalDomain G s ν
Instances
We say a quotient of α by G HasFundamentalDomain if there is a measurable set s for
which IsFundamentalDomain G s holds.
- ExistsIsFundamentalDomain : ∃ (s : Set α), MeasureTheory.IsFundamentalDomain G s ν
Instances
The addCovolume of an action of G on α is the volume of some
fundamental domain, or 0 if none exists.
Equations
- MeasureTheory.addCovolume G α ν = if funDom : MeasureTheory.HasAddFundamentalDomain G α ν then ν ⋯.choose else 0
Instances For
The covolume of an action of G on α the volume of some fundamental domain, or 0 if
none exists.
Equations
- MeasureTheory.covolume G α ν = if funDom : MeasureTheory.HasFundamentalDomain G α ν then ν ⋯.choose else 0
Instances For
If there is a fundamental domain s, then HasFundamentalDomain holds.
The covolume can be computed by taking the volume of any given fundamental domain s.
QuotientMeasureEqMeasurePreimage typeclass #
This typeclass describes a situation in which a measure μ on α ⧸ G can be computed by
taking a measure ν on α of the intersection of the pullback with a fundamental domain.
It's curious that in measure theory, measures can be pushed forward, while in geometry, volumes can be pulled back. And yet here, we are describing a situation involving measures in a geometric way.
Another viewpoint is that if a set is small enough to fit in a single fundamental domain, then its
ν measure in α is the same as the μ measure of its pushforward in α ⧸ G.
A measure μ on the AddQuotient of α mod G satisfies
AddQuotientMeasureEqMeasurePreimage if: for any fundamental domain t, and any measurable
subset U of the quotient, μ U = volume ((π ⁻¹' U) ∩ t).
- addProjection_respects_measure' : ∀ (t : Set α), MeasureTheory.IsAddFundamentalDomain G t ν → μ = MeasureTheory.Measure.map (Quotient.mk (AddAction.orbitRel G α)) (MeasureTheory.Measure.restrict ν t)
Instances
Measures ν on α and μ on the Quotient of α mod G satisfy
QuotientMeasureEqMeasurePreimage if: for any fundamental domain t, and any measurable subset
U of the quotient, μ U = ν ((π ⁻¹' U) ∩ t).
- projection_respects_measure' : ∀ (t : Set α), MeasureTheory.IsFundamentalDomain G t ν → μ = MeasureTheory.Measure.map (Quotient.mk (MulAction.orbitRel G α)) (MeasureTheory.Measure.restrict ν t)
Instances
Given a measure upstairs (i.e., on α), and a choice s of fundamental domain, there's always
an artificial way to generate a measure downstairs such that the pair satisfies the
QuotientMeasureEqMeasurePreimage typeclass.
One can prove QuotientMeasureEqMeasurePreimage by checking behavior with respect to a single
fundamental domain.
Any two measures satisfying QuotientMeasureEqMeasurePreimage are equal.
The quotient map to α ⧸ G is measure-preserving between the restriction of volume to a
fundamental domain in α and a related measure satisfying QuotientMeasureEqMeasurePreimage.
If a fundamental domain has volume 0, then QuotientMeasureEqMeasurePreimage holds.
If a measure μ on a quotient satisfies QuotientMeasureEqMeasurePreimage with respect to a
sigma-finite measure ν, then it is itself SigmaFinite.
A measure μ on α ⧸ G satisfying QuotientMeasureEqMeasurePreimage and having finite
covolume is a finite measure.
A finite measure μ on α ⧸ G satisfying QuotientMeasureEqMeasurePreimage has finite
covolume.
Equations
- ⋯ = ⋯
If a measure μ on a quotient satisfies QuotientVolumeEqVolumePreimage with respect to a
sigma-finite measure, then it is itself SigmaFinite.
Equations
- ⋯ = ⋯