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HexRoots.Cauchy

Smallest e : Nat with 2^e ≥ 1 + max_{i<n} |aᵢ| / |aₙ| (the Cauchy root bound): every complex root of p satisfies |z| < 2^e, so all roots lie in the square of half-width 2^e about 0. Pure integer arithmetic: with L := |aₙ| the leading magnitude and M := max_{i<n} |aᵢ| the largest non-leading magnitude, take e := ceilLog2 ⌈(L + M) / L⌉ = ceilLog2 ((L + M + L - 1) / L). Junk 0 when p is the zero polynomial (no leading coefficient).

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    The starting component: a single square centred at 0 covering the Cauchy root bound, with candidateK = deg p. Its half-width is 2^{-prec} with prec = -(cauchyExp p), so its closed square contains every complex root of p.

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