Operation on tuples #
We interpret maps ∀ i : Fin n, α i as n-tuples of elements of possibly varying type α i,
(α 0, …, α (n-1)). A particular case is Fin n → α of elements with all the same type.
In this case when α i is a constant map, then tuples are isomorphic (but not definitionally equal)
to Vectors.
Main declarations #
There are three (main) ways to consider Fin n as a subtype of Fin (n + 1), hence three (main)
ways to move between tuples of length n and of length n + 1 by adding/removing an entry.
Adding at the start #
Fin.succ: Sendi : Fin ntoi + 1 : Fin (n + 1). This is defined in Core.Fin.cases: Induction/recursion principle forFin: To prove a property/define a function for allFin (n + 1), it is enough to prove/define it for0and fori.succfor alli : Fin n. This is defined in Core.Fin.cons: Turn a tuplef : Fin n → αand an entrya : αinto a tupleFin.cons a f : Fin (n + 1) → αby addingaat the start. In general, tuples can be dependent functions, in which casef : ∀ i : Fin n, α i.succanda : α 0. This is a special case ofFin.cases.Fin.tail: Turn a tuplef : Fin (n + 1) → αinto a tupleFin.tail f : Fin n → αby forgetting the start. In general, tuples can be dependent functions, in which caseFin.tail f : ∀ i : Fin n, α i.succ.
Adding at the end #
Fin.castSucc: Sendi : Fin ntoi : Fin (n + 1). This is defined in Core.Fin.lastCases: Induction/recursion principle forFin: To prove a property/define a function for allFin (n + 1), it is enough to prove/define it forlast nand fori.castSuccfor alli : Fin n. This is defined in Core.Fin.snoc: Turn a tuplef : Fin n → αand an entrya : αinto a tupleFin.snoc f a : Fin (n + 1) → αby addingaat the end. In general, tuples can be dependent functions, in which casef : ∀ i : Fin n, α i.castSuccanda : α (last n). This is a special case ofFin.lastCases.Fin.init: Turn a tuplef : Fin (n + 1) → αinto a tupleFin.init f : Fin n → αby forgetting the start. In general, tuples can be dependent functions, in which caseFin.init f : ∀ i : Fin n, α i.castSucc.
Adding in the middle #
For a pivot p : Fin (n + 1),
Fin.succAbove: Sendi : Fin ntoFin.succAboveCases: Induction/recursion principle forFin: To prove a property/define a function for allFin (n + 1), it is enough to prove/define it forpand forp.succAbove ifor alli : Fin n.Fin.insertNth: Turn a tuplef : Fin n → αand an entrya : αinto a tupleFin.insertNth f a : Fin (n + 1) → αby addingain positionp. In general, tuples can be dependent functions, in which casef : ∀ i : Fin n, α (p.succAbove i)anda : α p. This is a special case ofFin.succAboveCases.- There is currently no equivalent of
Fin.tail/Fin.initfor adding in the middle.
p = 0 means we add at the start. p = last n means we add at the end.
Miscellaneous #
Fin.find p: returns the first indexnwherep nis satisfied, andnoneif it is never satisfied.Fin.append a b: append two tuples.Fin.repeat n a: repeat a tuplentimes.
Updating a tuple and adding an element at the beginning commute.
As a binary function, Fin.cons is injective.
Recurse on an n+1-tuple by splitting it into a single element and an n-tuple.
Equations
- Fin.consCases h x = cast ⋯ (h (x 0) (Fin.tail x))
Instances For
Recurse on a tuple by splitting into Fin.elim0 and Fin.cons.
Equations
- Fin.consInduction h0 h x_2 = ⋯.mpr (id h0)
- Fin.consInduction h0 h x_2 = Fin.consCases (fun (x₀ : α) (x : Fin n → α) => h x₀ x (Fin.consInduction h0 (fun {n : ℕ} => h) x)) x_2
Instances For
Updating a nonzero element and taking the tail commute.
Append a tuple of length m to a tuple of length n to get a tuple of length m + n.
This is a non-dependent version of Fin.add_cases.
Equations
- Fin.append a b = Fin.addCases a b
Instances For
Repeat a m times. For example Fin.repeat 2 ![0, 3, 7] = ![0, 3, 7, 0, 3, 7].
Equations
- Fin.repeat m a x = let i := x; a i.modNat
Instances For
In the previous section, we have discussed inserting or removing elements on the left of a
tuple. In this section, we do the same on the right. A difference is that Fin (n+1) is constructed
inductively from Fin n starting from the left, not from the right. This implies that Lean needs
more help to realize that elements belong to the right types, i.e., we need to insert casts at
several places.
Adding an element at the end of an n-tuple, to get an n+1-tuple. The name snoc comes from
cons (i.e., adding an element to the left of a tuple) read in reverse order.
Instances For
Updating a tuple and adding an element at the end commute.
Updating an element and taking the beginning commute.
Appending a one-tuple to the right is the same as Fin.snoc.
Fin.snoc is the same as appending a one-tuple
Recurse on an n+1-tuple by splitting it its initial n-tuple and its last element.
Equations
- Fin.snocCases h x = cast ⋯ (h (Fin.init x) (x (Fin.last n)))
Instances For
Recurse on a tuple by splitting into Fin.elim0 and Fin.snoc.
Equations
- Fin.snocInduction h0 h x_2 = ⋯.mpr (id h0)
- Fin.snocInduction h0 h x_2 = Fin.snocCases (fun (x₀ : Fin n → α) (x : α) => h x₀ x (Fin.snocInduction h0 (fun {n : ℕ} => h) x₀)) x_2
Instances For
Define a function on Fin (n + 1) from a value on i : Fin (n + 1) and values on each
Fin.succAbove i j, j : Fin n. This version is elaborated as eliminator and works for
propositions, see also Fin.insertNth for a version without an @[elab_as_elim]
attribute.
Equations
Instances For
Insert an element into a tuple at a given position. For i = 0 see Fin.cons,
for i = Fin.last n see Fin.snoc. See also Fin.succAboveCases for a version elaborated
as an eliminator.
Equations
- i.insertNth x p j = i.succAboveCases x p j
Instances For
find p returns the first index n where p n is satisfied, and none if it is never
satisfied.
Equations
Instances For
If find p = some i, then p i holds