Documentation

Lean.Declaration

Reducibility hints are used in the convertibility checker. When trying to solve a constraint such a

       (f ...) =?= (g ...)

where f and g are definitions, the checker has to decide which one will be unfolded. If f (g) is opaque, then g (f) is unfolded if it is also not marked as opaque, Else if f (g) is abbrev, then f (g) is unfolded if g (f) is also not marked as abbrev, Else if f and g are regular, then we unfold the one with the biggest definitional height. Otherwise both are unfolded.

The arguments of the regular Constructor are: the definitional height and the flag selfOpt.

The definitional height is by default computed by the kernel. It only takes into account other regular definitions used in a definition. When creating declarations using meta-programming, we can specify the definitional depth manually.

Remark: the hint only affects performance. None of the hints prevent the kernel from unfolding a declaration during Type checking.

Remark: the ReducibilityHints are not related to the attributes: reducible/irrelevance/semireducible. These attributes are used by the Elaborator. The ReducibilityHints are used by the kernel (and Elaborator). Moreover, the ReducibilityHints cannot be changed after a declaration is added to the kernel.

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    @[export lean_reducibility_hints_get_height]
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              Base structure for AxiomVal, DefinitionVal, TheoremVal, InductiveVal, ConstructorVal, RecursorVal and QuotVal.

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                  @[export lean_mk_axiom_val]
                  def Lean.mkAxiomValEx (name : Lake.Name) (levelParams : List Lake.Name) (type : Lean.Expr) (isUnsafe : Bool) :
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                  • Lean.mkAxiomValEx name levelParams type isUnsafe = { name := name, levelParams := levelParams, type := type, isUnsafe := isUnsafe }
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                    @[export lean_axiom_val_is_unsafe]
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                    • v.isUnsafeEx = v.isUnsafe
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                        @[export lean_mk_definition_val]
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                        • Lean.mkDefinitionValEx name levelParams type value hints safety all = { name := name, levelParams := levelParams, type := type, value := value, hints := hints, safety := safety, all := all }
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                          @[export lean_definition_val_get_safety]
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                          • v.getSafetyEx = v.safety
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                              @[export lean_mk_theorem_val]
                              def Lean.mkTheoremValEx (name : Lake.Name) (levelParams : List Lake.Name) (type : Lean.Expr) (value : Lean.Expr) (all : List Lake.Name) :
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                              • Lean.mkTheoremValEx name levelParams type value all = { name := name, levelParams := levelParams, type := type, value := value, all := all }
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                                Value for an opaque constant declaration opaque x : t := e

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                                  @[export lean_mk_opaque_val]
                                  def Lean.mkOpaqueValEx (name : Lake.Name) (levelParams : List Lake.Name) (type : Lean.Expr) (value : Lean.Expr) (isUnsafe : Bool) (all : List Lake.Name) :
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                                  • Lean.mkOpaqueValEx name levelParams type value isUnsafe all = { name := name, levelParams := levelParams, type := type, value := value, isUnsafe := isUnsafe, all := all }
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                                    @[export lean_opaque_val_is_unsafe]
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                                    • v.isUnsafeEx = v.isUnsafe
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                                          Declaration object that can be sent to the kernel.

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                                            @[export lean_mk_inductive_decl]
                                            def Lean.mkInductiveDeclEs (lparams : List Lake.Name) (nparams : Nat) (types : List Lean.InductiveType) (isUnsafe : Bool) :
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                                              @[export lean_is_unsafe_inductive_decl]
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                                                @[specialize #[]]
                                                def Lean.Declaration.foldExprM {α : Type} {m : TypeType} [Monad m] (d : Lean.Declaration) (f : αLean.Exprm α) (a : α) :
                                                m α
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                                                    The kernel compiles (mutual) inductive declarations (see inductiveDecls) into a set of

                                                    • Declaration.inductDecl (for each inductive datatype in the mutual Declaration),
                                                    • Declaration.ctorDecl (for each Constructor in the mutual Declaration),
                                                    • Declaration.recDecl (automatically generated recursors).

                                                    This data is used to implement iota-reduction efficiently and compile nested inductive declarations.

                                                    A series of checks are performed by the kernel to check whether a inductiveDecls is valid or not.

                                                    • name : Lake.Name
                                                    • levelParams : List Lake.Name
                                                    • type : Lean.Expr
                                                    • numParams : Nat

                                                      Number of parameters. A parameter is an argument to the defined type that is fixed over constructors. An example of this is the α : Type argument in the vector constructors nil : Vector α 0 and cons : α → Vector α n → Vector α (n+1).

                                                      The intuition is that the inductive type must exhibit parametric polymorphism over the inductive parameter, as opposed to ad-hoc polymorphism.

                                                    • numIndices : Nat

                                                      Number of indices. An index is an argument that varies over constructors.

                                                      An example of this is the n : Nat argument in the vector constructor cons : α → Vector α n → Vector α (n+1).

                                                    • List of all (including this one) inductive datatypes in the mutual declaration containing this one

                                                    • ctors : List Lake.Name

                                                      List of the names of the constructors for this inductive datatype.

                                                    • isRec : Bool

                                                      true when recursive (that is, the inductive type appears as an argument in a constructor).

                                                    • isUnsafe : Bool

                                                      Whether the definition is flagged as unsafe.

                                                    • isReflexive : Bool

                                                      An inductive type is called reflexive if it has at least one constructor that takes as an argument a function returning the same type we are defining. Consider the type:

                                                      inductive WideTree where
                                                      | branch: (Nat -> WideTree) -> WideTree
                                                      | leaf: WideTree
                                                      

                                                      this is reflexive due to the presence of the branch : (Nat -> WideTree) -> WideTree constructor.

                                                      See also: 'Inductive Definitions in the system Coq Rules and Properties' by Christine Paulin-Mohring Section 2.2, Definition 3

                                                    • isNested : Bool

                                                      An inductive definition T is nested when there is a constructor with an argument x : F T, where F : Type → Type is some suitably behaved (ie strictly positive) function (Eg Array T, List T, T × T, ...).

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                                                      @[export lean_mk_inductive_val]
                                                      def Lean.mkInductiveValEx (name : Lake.Name) (levelParams : List Lake.Name) (type : Lean.Expr) (numParams : Nat) (numIndices : Nat) (all : List Lake.Name) (ctors : List Lake.Name) (isRec : Bool) (isUnsafe : Bool) (isReflexive : Bool) (isNested : Bool) :
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                                                        @[export lean_inductive_val_is_rec]
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                                                        • v.isRecEx = v.isRec
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                                                          @[export lean_inductive_val_is_unsafe]
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                                                          • v.isUnsafeEx = v.isUnsafe
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                                                            @[export lean_inductive_val_is_reflexive]
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                                                            • v.isReflexiveEx = v.isReflexive
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                                                              @[export lean_inductive_val_is_nested]
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                                                              • v.isNestedEx = v.isNested
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                                                                • v.numCtors = v.ctors.length
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                                                                  • name : Lake.Name
                                                                  • levelParams : List Lake.Name
                                                                  • type : Lean.Expr
                                                                  • induct : Lake.Name

                                                                    Inductive type this constructor is a member of

                                                                  • cidx : Nat

                                                                    Constructor index (i.e., Position in the inductive declaration)

                                                                  • numParams : Nat

                                                                    Number of parameters in inductive datatype.

                                                                  • numFields : Nat

                                                                    Number of fields (i.e., arity - nparams)

                                                                  • isUnsafe : Bool
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                                                                    • Lean.instInhabitedConstructorVal = { default := { toConstantVal := default, induct := default, cidx := default, numParams := default, numFields := default, isUnsafe := default } }
                                                                    @[export lean_mk_constructor_val]
                                                                    def Lean.mkConstructorValEx (name : Lake.Name) (levelParams : List Lake.Name) (type : Lean.Expr) (induct : Lake.Name) (cidx : Nat) (numParams : Nat) (numFields : Nat) (isUnsafe : Bool) :
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                                                                      @[export lean_constructor_val_is_unsafe]
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                                                                      • v.isUnsafeEx = v.isUnsafe
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                                                                        Information for reducing a recursor

                                                                        • ctor : Lake.Name

                                                                          Reduction rule for this Constructor

                                                                        • nfields : Nat

                                                                          Number of fields (i.e., without counting inductive datatype parameters)

                                                                        • rhs : Lean.Expr

                                                                          Right hand side of the reduction rule

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                                                                          • name : Lake.Name
                                                                          • levelParams : List Lake.Name
                                                                          • type : Lean.Expr
                                                                          • List of all inductive datatypes in the mutual declaration that generated this recursor

                                                                          • numParams : Nat

                                                                            Number of parameters

                                                                          • numIndices : Nat

                                                                            Number of indices

                                                                          • numMotives : Nat

                                                                            Number of motives

                                                                          • numMinors : Nat

                                                                            Number of minor premises

                                                                          • A reduction for each Constructor

                                                                          • k : Bool

                                                                            It supports K-like reduction. A recursor is said to support K-like reduction if one can assume it behaves like Eq under axiom K --- that is, it has one constructor, the constructor has 0 arguments, and it is an inductive predicate (ie, it lives in Prop).

                                                                            Examples of inductives with K-like reduction is Eq, Acc, and And.intro. Non-examples are exists (where the constructor has arguments) and Or.intro (which has multiple constructors).

                                                                          • isUnsafe : Bool
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                                                                            @[export lean_mk_recursor_val]
                                                                            def Lean.mkRecursorValEx (name : Lake.Name) (levelParams : List Lake.Name) (type : Lean.Expr) (all : List Lake.Name) (numParams : Nat) (numIndices : Nat) (numMotives : Nat) (numMinors : Nat) (rules : List Lean.RecursorRule) (k : Bool) (isUnsafe : Bool) :
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                                                                              @[export lean_recursor_k]
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                                                                              • v.kEx = v.k
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                                                                                @[export lean_recursor_is_unsafe]
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                                                                                • v.isUnsafeEx = v.isUnsafe
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                                                                                  • v.getMajorIdx = v.numParams + v.numMotives + v.numMinors + v.numIndices
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                                                                                    • v.getFirstIndexIdx = v.numParams + v.numMotives + v.numMinors
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                                                                                      • v.getFirstMinorIdx = v.numParams + v.numMotives
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                                                                                        • v.getInduct = v.name.getPrefix
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                                                                                            @[export lean_mk_quot_val]
                                                                                            def Lean.mkQuotValEx (name : Lake.Name) (levelParams : List Lake.Name) (type : Lean.Expr) (kind : Lean.QuotKind) :
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                                                                                            • Lean.mkQuotValEx name levelParams type kind = { name := name, levelParams := levelParams, type := type, kind := kind }
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                                                                                              @[export lean_quot_val_kind]
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                                                                                              • v.kindEx = v.kind
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                                                                                                Information associated with constant declarations.

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                                                                                                        • d.name = d.toConstantVal.name
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                                                                                                          • d.levelParams = d.toConstantVal.levelParams
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                                                                                                            • d.numLevelParams = d.levelParams.length
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                                                                                                              • d.type = d.toConstantVal.type
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                                                                                                                              List of all (including this one) declarations in the same mutual block.

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