We define bitvectors. We choose the Fin
representation over others for its relative efficiency
(Lean has special support for Nat
), alignment with UIntXY
types which are also represented
with Fin
, and the fact that bitwise operations on Fin
are already defined. Some other possible
representations are List Bool
, { l : List Bool // l.length = w }
, Fin w → Bool
.
We define many of the bitvector operations from the
QF_BV
logic.
of SMT-LIBv2.
A bitvector of the specified width.
This is represented as the underlying Nat
number in both the runtime
and the kernel, inheriting all the special support for Nat
.
- ofFin :: (
Interpret a bitvector as a number less than
2^w
. O(1), because we useFin
as the internal representation of a bitvector.- )
Instances For
Equations
Instances For
Equations
- instDecidableEqBitVec = BitVec.decEq
The BitVec
with value i mod 2^n
.
Equations
- BitVec.ofNat n i = { toFin := Fin.ofNat' i ⋯ }
Instances For
Equations
- BitVec.instOfNat = { ofNat := BitVec.ofNat n i }
Equations
- BitVec.natCastInst = { natCast := BitVec.ofNat w }
Theorem for normalizing the bit vector literal representation.
All empty bitvectors are equal
Equations
Every bitvector of length 0 is equal to nil
, i.e., there is only one empty bitvector
Return a bitvector 0
of size n
. This is the bitvector with all zero bits.
Equations
- BitVec.zero n = 0#'⋯
Instances For
Equations
- BitVec.instInhabited = { default := BitVec.zero n }
Equations
- BitVec.instIntCast = { intCast := BitVec.ofInt w }
Notation for bit vector literals. i#n
is a shorthand for BitVec.ofNat n i
.
Equations
- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
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Unexpander for bit vector literals.
Equations
- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
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Notation for bit vector literals without truncation. i#'lt
is a shorthand for BitVec.ofNatLt i lt
.
Equations
- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
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Unexpander for bit vector literals without truncation.
Equations
- One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
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Convert bitvector into a fixed-width hex number.
Equations
- x.toHex = let s := (Nat.toDigits 16 x.toNat).asString; let t := (List.replicate ((n + 3) / 4 - s.length) '0').asString; t ++ s
Instances For
Equations
- BitVec.instRepr = { reprPrec := fun (a : BitVec n) (x : Nat) => Std.Format.text "0x" ++ Std.Format.text a.toHex ++ Std.Format.text "#" ++ repr n }
Addition for bit vectors. This can be interpreted as either signed or unsigned addition
modulo 2^n
.
SMT-Lib name: bvadd
.
Equations
- x.add y = BitVec.ofNat n (x.toNat + y.toNat)
Instances For
Negation for bit vectors. This can be interpreted as either signed or unsigned negation
modulo 2^n
.
SMT-Lib name: bvneg
.
Equations
- x.neg = BitVec.ofNat n (2 ^ n - x.toNat)
Instances For
Multiplication for bit vectors. This can be interpreted as either signed or unsigned negation
modulo 2^n
.
SMT-Lib name: bvmul
.
Equations
- x.mul y = BitVec.ofNat n (x.toNat * y.toNat)
Instances For
Unsigned division for bit vectors using the
SMT-Lib convention
where division by zero returns the allOnes
bitvector.
SMT-Lib name: bvudiv
.
Equations
- x.smtUDiv y = if y = 0 then BitVec.allOnes n else x.udiv y
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Signed division for bit vectors using SMTLIB rules for division by zero.
Specifically, smtSDiv x 0 = if x >= 0 then -1 else 1
SMT-Lib name: bvsdiv
.
Equations
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Remainder for signed division rounding to zero.
SMT_Lib name: bvsrem
.
Equations
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Fills a bitvector with w
copies of the bit b
.
Equations
- BitVec.fill w b = bif b then -1 else 0
Instances For
Signed less-than for bit vectors.
BitVec.slt 6#4 7 = true
BitVec.slt 7#4 8 = false
SMT-Lib name: bvslt
.
Instances For
Extraction of bits start
to start + len - 1
from a bit vector of size n
to yield a
new bitvector of size len
. If start + len > n
, then the vector will be zero-padded in the
high bits.
Equations
- BitVec.extractLsb' start len a = BitVec.ofNat len (a.toNat >>> start)
Instances For
Extraction of bits hi
(inclusive) down to lo
(inclusive) from a bit vector of size n
to
yield a new bitvector of size hi - lo + 1
.
SMT-Lib name: extract
.
Equations
- BitVec.extractLsb hi lo a = BitVec.extractLsb' lo (hi - lo + 1) a
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A version of zeroExtend
that requires a proof, but is a noop.
Equations
- BitVec.zeroExtend' le x = x.toNat#'⋯
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shiftLeftZeroExtend x n
returns zeroExtend (w+n) x <<< n
without
needing to compute x % 2^(2+n)
.
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Zero extend vector x
of length w
by adding zeros in the high bits until it has length v
.
If v < w
then it truncates the high bits instead.
SMT-Lib name: zero_extend
.
Equations
- BitVec.zeroExtend v x = if h : w ≤ v then BitVec.zeroExtend' h x else BitVec.ofNat v x.toNat
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Truncate the high bits of bitvector x
of length w
, resulting in a vector of length v
.
If v > w
then it zero-extends the vector instead.
Equations
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Sign extend a vector of length w
, extending with i
additional copies of the most significant
bit in x
. If x
is an empty vector, then the sign is treated as zero.
SMT-Lib name: sign_extend
.
Equations
- BitVec.signExtend v x = BitVec.ofInt v x.toInt
Instances For
Bitwise NOT for bit vectors.
~~~(0b0101#4) == 0b1010
SMT-Lib name: bvnot
.
Equations
- x.not = BitVec.allOnes n ^^^ x
Instances For
Equations
- BitVec.instComplement = { complement := BitVec.not }
Left shift for bit vectors. The low bits are filled with zeros. As a numeric operation, this is
equivalent to a * 2^s
, modulo 2^n
.
SMT-Lib name: bvshl
except this operator uses a Nat
shift value.
Equations
- a.shiftLeft s = BitVec.ofNat n (a.toNat <<< s)
Instances For
Equations
- BitVec.instHShiftLeftNat = { hShiftLeft := BitVec.shiftLeft }
(Logical) right shift for bit vectors. The high bits are filled with zeros.
As a numeric operation, this is equivalent to a / 2^s
, rounding down.
SMT-Lib name: bvlshr
except this operator uses a Nat
shift value.
Instances For
Equations
- BitVec.instHShiftRightNat = { hShiftRight := BitVec.ushiftRight }
Arithmetic right shift for bit vectors. The high bits are filled with the
most-significant bit.
As a numeric operation, this is equivalent to a.toInt >>> s
.
SMT-Lib name: bvashr
except this operator uses a Nat
shift value.
Equations
- a.sshiftRight s = BitVec.ofInt n (a.toInt >>> s)
Instances For
Rotate left for bit vectors. All the bits of x
are shifted to higher positions, with the top n
bits wrapping around to fill the low bits.
rotateLeft 0b0011#4 3 = 0b1001
SMT-Lib name: rotate_left
except this operator uses a Nat
shift amount.
Instances For
Rotate right for bit vectors. All the bits of x
are shifted to lower positions, with the
bottom n
bits wrapping around to fill the high bits.
rotateRight 0b01001#5 1 = 0b10100
SMT-Lib name: rotate_right
except this operator uses a Nat
shift amount.
Instances For
Concatenation of bitvectors. This uses the "big endian" convention that the more significant
input is on the left, so 0xAB#8 ++ 0xCD#8 = 0xABCD#16
.
SMT-Lib name: concat
.
Equations
- msbs.append lsbs = msbs.shiftLeftZeroExtend m ||| BitVec.zeroExtend' ⋯ lsbs
Instances For
replicate i x
concatenates i
copies of x
into a new vector of length w*i
.
Equations
- BitVec.replicate 0 x = 0
- BitVec.replicate n.succ x = let_fun hEq := ⋯; hEq ▸ (x ++ BitVec.replicate n x)
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Cons and Concat #
We give special names to the operations of adding a single bit to either end of a bitvector.
We follow the precedent of Vector.cons
/Vector.concat
both for the name, and for the decision
to have the resulting size be n + 1
for both operations (rather than 1 + n
, which would be the
result of appending a single bit to the front in the naive implementation).
Prepend a single bit to the front of a bitvector, using big endian order (see append
).
That is, the new bit is the most significant bit.
Equations
- BitVec.cons msb lsbs = BitVec.cast ⋯ (BitVec.ofBool msb ++ lsbs)
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We add simp-lemmas that rewrite bitvector operations into the equivalent notation
Converts a list of Bool
s to a big-endian BitVec
.
Equations
- BitVec.ofBoolListBE [] = 0#0
- BitVec.ofBoolListBE (b :: bs) = BitVec.cons b (BitVec.ofBoolListBE bs)
Instances For
Converts a list of Bool
s to a little-endian BitVec
.
Equations
- BitVec.ofBoolListLE [] = 0#0
- BitVec.ofBoolListLE (b :: bs) = (BitVec.ofBoolListLE bs).concat b